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Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China

Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第1期页码 15-20 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0517-7

摘要： Reconfigurable mechanisms can deliberately reconfigure themselves by rearranging the connectivity of components to meet the different requirements of tasks. Metamorphic and origami-derived mechanisms are two kinds of typical reconfigurable mechanisms, which have attracted increasing attention in the field of mechanisms since they were proposed. Improving the independent design level, innovation, and international competitive powers of reconfigurable mechanical products is important. Summarizing related significant innovation research and application achievements periodically will shed light on research directions and promote academic exchanges. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China, including metamorphic and origami mechanisms and their typical applications. The future development trends are analyzed and forecasted.

关键词： innovation design reconfigurable mechanisms metamorphic mechanisms origami-derived mechanisms development trends

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A zone-layered trimming method for ceramic core of aero-engine blade based on an advanced reconfigurable

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0675-5

摘要： Ceramic structural parts are one of the most widely utilized structural parts in the industry. However, they usually contain defects following the pressing process, such as burrs. Therefore, additional trimming is usually required, despite the deformation challenges and difficulty in positioning. This paper proposes an ultrafast laser processing system for trimming complex ceramic structural parts. Opto-electromechanical cooperative control software is developed to control the laser processing system. The trimming problem of the ceramic cores used in aero engines is studied. The regional registration method is introduced based on the iterative closest point algorithm to register the path extracted from the computer-aided design model with the deformed ceramic core. A zonal and layering processing method for three-dimensional contours on complex surfaces is proposed to generate the working data of high-speed scanning galvanometer and the computer numerical control machine tool, respectively. The results show that the laser system and the method proposed in this paper are suitable for trimming complex non-datum parts such as ceramic cores. Compared with the results of manual trimming, the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy, efficiency, and yield. The method mentioned above has been used in practical application with satisfactory results.

关键词： ceramic parts trimming computer-aided laser manufacturing 3D vision reconfigurable laser processing system

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Gain-enhanced reconfigurable radiation array with mechanically driven system and directive elements

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0716-0

摘要： In the artificial intelligence-driven modern wireless communication system, antennas are required to be reconfigurable in terms of size according to changing application scenarios. However, conventional antennas with constant phase distributions cannot achieve enhanced gains in different reconfigurable sizes. In this paper, we propose a mechanically reconfigurable radiation array (RRA) based on miniaturized elements and a mechanically reconfigurable system to obtain gain-enhanced antennas in compact and deployed states. A five-element RRA with a phase-reconfigurable center element is designed and analyzed theoretically. The experimental sample has been fabricated, driven by a deployable frame with only one degree of freedom to realize the size and phase distribution reconfiguration simultaneously to validate the enhanced gains of RRA. The proposed RRA can be tessellated into larger arrays to achieve higher gains in other frequency regimes, such as terahertz or photonics applications with nanometer fabrication technology.

关键词： mechanism reconfigurable radiation array (RRA) compact state deployed state enhanced gain

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Distributed flexible reconfigurable condition monitoring and diagnosis technology

HU You-min, YANG Shu-zi, DU Run-sheng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 276-281 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0025-z

摘要： As manufacturing becomes increasingly decentralized, flexible and reconfigurable, more research needs to be done on monitoring and diagnosis technology that accommodate these new trends. The distributed condition monitoring and diagnosis technology based on the flexible and reconfigurable concept is studied here. A condition monitoring diagnosis model based on the distributed flexible and reconfigurable idea is proposed in this paper. The component makeup and functions of this model are discussed in detail. The model can fulfill in most instances the manufacturing system requirements for changing the configuration of the monitoring diagnosis system according to different manufacturing system configurations. This model also realizes the flexibility and reconfigurability of the monitoring diagnosis system in some degree. The model has already spawned a successful prototype for monitoring a chemical plant in accomplishing monitoring and control of the production process and equipment. Finally, some future research work is pointed out.

关键词： chemical diagnosis system configuration monitoring equipment

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Modular structure of a self-reconfigurable robot

FEI Yanqiong, DONG Qinglei, ZHAO Xifang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 116-119 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0020-z

摘要： This paper proposes a novel, hermaphroditic, and lattice self-reconfigurable modular robot. Each module is composed of a center body a cubic part and six sides that can rotate independently. There are two holes and two extensible pegs on each side. The rotary motion of each side and the extensible motion of the pegs are generated by a motor connected to a reducer, using a cone-shaped gear, belt, clutch, etc. The structure of the module is compact, and has space to extend further.

关键词： compact self-reconfigurable modular hermaphroditic cone-shaped clutch

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Module-based method for design and analysis of reconfigurable parallel robots

Fengfeng XI, Yuwen LI, Hongbo WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 151-159 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0121-6

摘要：

This paper presents a method for the design and analysis of reconfigurable parallel robots. The inherent modularity in a parallel robot lends itself as a natural candidate for reconfiguration. By taking the branches as building blocks, many modular parallel robots can be constructed, from which a reconfigurable parallel robot can be realized. Among three types of reconfigurations, namely, geometry morphing, topology morphing, and group morphing, the method presented here is for the last two reconfigurations, thereby advancing the current research that is mainly limited to geometry morphing. It is shown that the module-based method not only provides a systematic way of designing a reconfigurable parallel robot, but also offers a unified modeling for robot analysis. Two examples are provided, one showing the topology morphing and the other showing the group morphing.

关键词： reconfigurable parallel robot topology morphing group morphing

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Generation of closed-form inverse kinematics for reconfigurable robots

ZHAO Jie, WANG Weizhong, GAO Yongsheng, CAI Hegao

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 91-96 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0013-6

摘要： For reconfigurable robots, the automatic generation of inverse kinematics is a key problem, because such robots may assume various configurations. In this paper, the screw and product-of-exponentials (POE) formula are used to model the kinematics of reconfigurable robots. The POE formula can be converted to canonical subproblems through decomposition and adjoint transformation. Three classes and 28 types of subproblems containing geometric or algebraic solutions are identified and solved, which can be reused in different configurations. A generalized, decomposable, and reusable approach for close-form inverse kinematics of reconfigurable robots is developed based on POE and subproblems. The effectiveness of this method is shown in an example.

关键词： different effectiveness generation reconfigurable algebraic

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Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Principles, design, and future trends

Yoram KOREN, Xi GU, Weihong GUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第2期页码 121-136 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0483-0

摘要：

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs), which possess the advantages of both dedicated serial lines and flexible manufacturing systems, were introduced in the mid-1990s to address the challenges initiated by globalization. The principal goal of an RMS is to enhance the responsiveness of manufacturing systems to unforeseen changes in product demand. RMSs are cost-effective because they boost productivity, and increase the lifetime of the manufacturing system. Because of the many streams in which a product may be produced on an RMS, maintaining product precision in an RMS is a challenge. But the experience with RMS in the last 20 years indicates that product quality can be definitely maintained by inserting in-line inspection stations. In this paper, we formulate the design and operational principles for RMSs, and provide a state-of-the-art review of the design and operations methodologies of RMSs according to these principles. Finally, we propose future research directions, and deliberate on how recent intelligent manufacturing technologies may advance the design and operations of RMSs.

关键词： reconfigurable manufacturing systems responsiveness intelligent manufacturing

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Dimensional synthesis of a novel 5-DOF reconfigurable hybrid perfusion manipulator for large-scale spherical

Hui YANG, Hairong FANG, Yuefa FANG, Xiangyun LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 46-60 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0606-2

摘要： A novel hybrid perfusion manipulator (HPM) with five degrees of freedom (DOFs) is introduced by combining the 5PUS-PRPU (P, R, U and S represent prismatic, revolute, universal and spherical joint, respectively) parallel mechanism with the 5PRR reconfigurable base to enhance the perfusion efficiency of the large-scale spherical honeycomb thermal protection layer. This study mainly presents the dimensional synthesis of the proposed HPM. First, the inverse kinematics, including the analytic expression of the rotation angles of the U joint in the PUS limb, is obtained, and mobility analysis is conducted based on screw theory. The Jacobian matrix of 5PUS-PRPU is also determined with screw theory and used for the establishment of the objective function. Second, a global and comprehensive objective function (GCOF) is proposed to represent the Jacobian matrix’s condition number. With the genetic algorithm, dimensional synthesis is conducted by minimizing GCOF subject to the given variable constraints. The values of the designed variables corresponding to different configurations of the reconfigurable base are then obtained. Lastly, the optimal structure parameters of the proposed 5-DOF HPM are determined. Results show that the HPM with the optimized parameters has an enlarged orientation workspace, and the maximum angle of the reconfigurable base is decreased, which is conducive to improving the overall stiffness of HPM.

关键词： 5-DOF hybrid manipulator reconfigurable base large workspace dimensional synthesis optimal design

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可重构路由器研究的现状与展望

李玉峰,邱菡,兰巨龙

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第7期页码 82-89

摘要：

随着新业务和新应用的不断推出，传统路由器在业务升级能力及升级响应速度方面已不能满足网络发展的需求。实时电路重构技术利用可编程器件可多次重复配置逻辑状态的特性，能够在系统运行时根据需要动态地改变系统的电路结构，利用可重构技术实现的路由器能够支持新业务模块的硬件电路在芯片内动态加载，同时又不影响其他功能模块的正常运行，为传统路由器功能扩展能力差问题提供了解决思路。在介绍可重构技术的基本概念和支撑器件的当前发展概况后，对以往的可重构路由器技术和当前的研究现状进行了总结，并从构建可重构网络的角度分析了进一步的研究方向。

关键词：可重构路由器可重构网络可编程器件互联网

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A Miniature Meta-Optical System for Reconfigurable Wide-Angle Imaging and Polarization-Spectral Detection

Fei Zhang,Minghao Liao,Mingbo Pu,Yinghui Guo,Lianwei Chen,Xiong Li,Qiong He,Tongtong Kang,Xiaoliang Ma,Yuan Ke,Xiangang Luo,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.008

摘要： Wide-angle imaging and spectral detection play vital roles in tasks such as target tracking, object classification, and anti-camouflage. However, limited by their intrinsically different architectures, as determined by frequency dispersion requirements, their simultaneous implementation in a shared-aperture system is difficult. Here, we propose a novel concept to realize reconfigurable dual-mode detection based on electrical-control tunable metasurfaces. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the simultaneous implementation of wide-angle imaging and polarization-spectral detection in a miniature shared-aperture meta-optical system is realized for the first time via the electrical control of cascaded catenary-like metasurfaces. The proposed system supports the imaging (spectral) resolution of approximately 27.8 line-pairs per millimeter (lp·mm⁻¹; ∼80 nm) for an imaging (spectral) mode from 8 to 14 μm. This system also bears a large field of view of about 70°, enabling multi-target recognition in both modes. This work may promote the miniaturization of multifunctional optical systems, including spectrometers and polarization imagers, and illustrates the potential industrial applications of meta-optics in biomedicine, security, space exploration, and more.

关键词： Metasurfaces Reconfigurable Imaging Spectral

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FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023491

摘要： FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES

关键词： TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS FOOD CONCEPTS MECHANISMS

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Gripping mechanisms in current wood harvesting machines

D. GOUBET, J. C. FAUROUX, G. GOGU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 42-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0358-3

摘要：

This paper focuses on the structural synthesis of gripping mechanisms used in the mechanization of the harvesting process. The importance of the gripping function in current devices like harvesting heads is underlined. This function is performed with several typical mechanisms which are listed and described in this article. This study distinguishes two kinds of planar gripping mechanisms mainly used in opening and closing the rollers: five concentric and two lateral ones. Both kinds have advantages and drawbacks. So a third kind of hybrid mechanism has been designed in order to orientate the axis of the rollers during gripping motion in order to combine concentric and lateral gripping advantages. Two planar and one spatial existing mechanisms are described. The last part of this paper presents a structural synthesis of such a spatial parallel mechanism by using the structural parameters and the general formulae established by the third author. Nine kinematic diagrams of spatial parallel mechanisms are provided.

关键词： structural synthesis parallel mechanisms gripping mechanisms wood harvesting harvesting head

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CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417

摘要：

Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution^{^[1]}. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4^{^[2]}, the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively^{^[3]}.

In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food^{^[4]}. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production^{^[3]}. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.

Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level^{^[5]}. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level^{^[6]}. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.

Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.

To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.

Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.

The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.

The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.

The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).

Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).

Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).

Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).

Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).

Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).

Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping^{^[6]}. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.

As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.

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面向机床的可重构监测诊断系统开发与应用

景敏卿,李猛,刘恒

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第1期页码 34-38

摘要：

提出了一种基于“系统引擎+功能组件”的监测诊断系统平台架构，并针对机床4大功能部件模块，设计了3类（振动、功率和声发射）嵌入式监测单元，以强化底层监测信息获取的实时性和灵活性。笔者还开发了一系列机床常规监测诊断组件，并针对具有特殊监测诊断需求的数控机床功能部件，开发了相应的特殊功能组件，通过对功能组件的封装和加载实现具有特定需求的机床监测诊断系统，并在秦川磨床厂和大连机床厂进行实际应用。

关键词：机床监测诊断系统可重构系统引擎功能组件